A New Approach for the Assessment of True Maxillomandibular Sagittal Relationship: A Zeta Angle.

INTRODUCTION: The assessment of sagittal skeletal dysplasia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, thus necessitating a thorough evaluation. A novel cephalometric parameter, known as the Zeta angle, was proposed in this study for the evaluation of the maxillomandibular relationship in the sagittal plane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study was carried out using 291 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of participants aged between 15 and 25 years, categorized into skeletal class I, II, and III relationships based on Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and Beta angle. The individuals reported to the Department of Orthodontics from January 2021 to October 2023, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad. The Zeta angle was constructed using three skeletal reference points as point Pt (pterygoid), point M (center of premaxilla), and point Pm (suprapogonion) and was measured perpendicular to point M on the Pt-Pm line and the M-Pm line to determine the severity and type of maxillomandibular discrepancy in the sagittal plane. Statistical tests were used to obtain the mean values for the Zeta angle. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to assess skeletal differences between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this angle. RESULTS: The results indicated that a Zeta angle between 57° and 64° had a class I skeletal jaw pattern, a Zeta angle less than 57° indicated a class II skeletal jaw pattern, and a Zeta angle greater than 64° indicated a class III skeletal jaw pattern. ROC curves showed that a Zeta angle less than 57.5° had 80% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity in distinguishing class II from the class I subset. A Zeta angle greater than 64.5° has a sensitivity and specificity of 92.5% in distinguishing class III from the class I subset. CONCLUSION: The Zeta angle may serve as an additional diagnostic tool for the reliable determination of sagittal jaw relationships due to its establishment based on stable anatomical points, thus remaining unaffected by jaw rotations and orthodontic treatments.

An Association of Morphological Characteristics of Palatal Rugae and Dental Malocclusion in an Adult Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction The formation of palatal rugae is completed in the early intrauterine stage, and because of their unique and permanent pattern in each individual, they can be utilized in forensics to identify a person. Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine an association between the rugae pattern and the dental malocclusion system described by Angle. Materials and methods A prospective cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on pretreatment dental casts of 400 subjects in an age range of 18-40 years. The samples were divided according to Angle's system of classification of malocclusion into Class I, Class II, and Class III. The number, length, pattern, and orientation of the three anterior-most primary rugae on both sides of the palatal region were studied. Results Significant differences were noted in the mean number of palatal rugae and mean lengths of rugae 1 and 2 on the right side (p < 0.001) and rugae 3 on the left (p < 0.001) side among the different malocclusion groups. Curved and wavy patterns were predominant, and significant differences were found among the groups (p < 0.05), whereas non-significant differences were observed in the rugae orientation between the groups on the right and left sides. Conclusions The current study showed significant differences in the length, number, and pattern of the palatal rugae among Angle's classes of malocclusion. Clinical implications Palatal rugae can be effectively used to identify dental malocclusion at an early stage and can, therefore, help intercept the developing malocclusion.

Decolourisation of textile dye by laccase: Process evaluation and assessment of its degradation bioproducts.

Biodegradation of environmentally hazardous synthetic dyes by enzymes has been achieved the highest interest in recent years. In this work, we optimized Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye biodegradation by Arthrographis kalrae derived laccase via the Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach of the surface response methodology (RSM). Optimization of dye decolourisation by one variable at a time (OVAT) approach resulted in optimal dye decolourisation at laccase dose (2 IU mL-1), pH (7.0), temperature (35 °C), incubation time (240 min), and initial dye concentration (100 mg L-1). The optimized process through BBD enhanced dye decolourisation (97.18%). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Visible Spectrophotometry have proven biodegradation. In addition, in comparison to untreated samples, the laccase-treated dye sample showed relatively less phyto- and cytotoxic effect on Allium cepa L. Extra Precision Glide docking exhibited the binding affinity score of -5.355 kcal mol-1, between laccase-RBBR complex.

Correction to: Novel xylanase producing Bacillus strain X2: molecular phylogenetic analysis and its application for production of xylooligosaccharides.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02322-1.].

Novel xylanase producing Bacillus strain X2: molecular phylogenetic analysis and its application for production of xylooligosaccharides.

A Bacillus strain X2 that produced extracellular endo-xylanase (GH 11) (EC: 3.2.1.8) was isolated from the soil of the Northeast India region. This aerobic culture was Gram positive and endospore forming. Chemotaxonomic characterization showed variance with the fatty acid profile of related species in the Bacillus subtilis group. In Bacillus strain X2, distinct occurrence of iso-C14:0 lipids is absent in other related species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence homology showed 99% similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum. The phylogenetic analysis by the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the nucleotide sequence of six concatenated genes (16S rRNA, groEL, gyrA, polC, purH and rpoB) resolved the taxonomic position of the Bacillus strain X2 in the Bacillus subtilis subsp. group. The MLSA showed that it is a member of a clade that includes Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris. In in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), the highest matching score was obtained with Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris (87%). The in silico DDH of the genome (G + C 43.7 mol %) shared 48.5%, with Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum. The MLSA phylogenetic tree and the highest degree of DNA hybridization, indicating that it belongs to the Bacillus subtilis subspecies stercoris.

A Novel Triculture System (CC3) for Simultaneous Enzyme Production and Hydrolysis of Common Grasses through Submerged Fermentation.

The perennial grasses are considered as a rich source of lignocellulosic biomass, making it a second generation alternative energy source and can diminish the use of fossil fuels. In this work, four perennial grasses Saccharum arundinaceum, Panicum antidotale, Thysanolaena latifolia, and Neyraudia reynaudiana were selected to verify their potential as a substrate to produce hydrolytic enzymes and to evaluate them as second generation energy biomass. Here, cellulase and hemi-cellulase producing three endophytic bacteria (Burkholderia cepacia BPS-GB3, Alcaligenes faecalis BPS-GB5 and Enterobacter hormaechei BPS-GB8) recovered from N. reynaudiana and S. arundinaceum were selected to develop a triculture (CC3) consortium. During 12 days of submerged cultivation, a 55-70% loss in dry weight was observed and the maximum activity of ß-glucosidase (5.36-12.34 IU) and Xylanase (4.33 to 10.91 IU) were observed on 2nd and 6th day respectively, whereas FPase (0.26 to 0.53 IU) and CMCase (2.31 to 4.65 IU) showed maximum activity on 4th day. Around 15-30% more enzyme activity was produced in CC3 as compared to monoculture (CC1) and coculture (CC2) treatments, suggested synergetic interaction among the selected three bacterial strains. Further, the biomass was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR analysis provides important insights into the reduction of cellulose and hemicellulose moieties in CC3 treated biomass and SEM studies shed light into the disruption of surface structure leading to access of cellulose or hemicelluloses microtubules. The hydrolytic potential of the CC3 system was further enhanced due to reduction in lignin as evidenced by 1-4% lignin reduction in biomass compositional analysis. Additionally, laccase gene was detected from A. faecalis and E. hormaechei which further shows the laccase production potential of the isolates. To our knowledge, first time we develop an effective endophytic endogenous bacterial triculture system having potential for the production of extracellular enzymes utilizing S. arundinaceum and N. reynaudiana as lignocellulosic feedstock.

Enzymatic modifications of cephalosporins by cephalosporin acylase and other enzymes.

Semisynthetic cephalosporins are important antibacterials in clinical practice. Semisynthetic cephalosporins are manufactured by derivatizing 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and its desacetylated form. Microbial enzymes such as D-amino acid oxidase, glutaryl-7-ACA acylase and cephalosporin esterase are being used as biocatalysts for the conversion of cephalosporin C (CEPH-C) to 7-ACA and its desacetylated derivatives. Recent developments in the field of enzymatic modifications of cephalosporin with special emphasis on group of enzymes called as cephalosporin acylase is discussed in this review. Aspects related to screening methods, isolation and purification, immobilization, molecular cloning, gene structure and expression and protein engineering of cephalosporin acylases have been covered. Topics pertaining to enzymatic modifications of cephalosporin by D-amino acid oxidase, cephalosporin methoxylase and beta-lactamase are also covered.